The first is surgery, appropriate for a narrow group with progressive neurological deficit, instability or cauda equina, and unnecessary for many who are offered it. The second is an indefinite course of analgesia, which manages the signal while the mechanical problem producing it continues to deteriorate.
Activa was built for the ground in between: patients whose imaging shows a real structural problem, whose pain is real, and for whom neither the operating theatre nor the pharmacy is the right answer. We correct the segment, control the inflammation where it persists, and then retrain the muscles that let it fail in the first place.
That last step is the one most clinics skip. It is also the reason results hold.

